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WASHINGTON -- Voters from coast to coast were poised to deliver a heavy blow Tuesday to President Barack Obama's Democrats in elections likely to cost the party control of at least one chamber of Congress. Just two years after Obama swept into office on a promise of hope and change, voters discouraged by the dismal U.S. economy were expected to hand Republicans control of the House of Representatives. Republicans were also expected to make gains in the Senate, with an outside shot at capturing the upper chamber. In the campaign's final hours, Democrats and Republicans pressed their supporters to vote, especially in states with toss-up Senate contests, such as Pennsylvania, Nevada, Illinois, Colorado and Washington state. "We're hoping now for a fresh start with the American people," said Republican National Committee chairman Michael Steele. A big Republican win would derail Obama's agenda in the last two years of his term, potentially leaving Washington in political gridlock unless the president can find common ground with some of his fiercest critics. Domestic issues such as Obama's tax and spending plans would be most affected, but the repercussions would be felt internationally too, on issues such as climate change, trade and arms control. Obama was home from the campaign trail at the White House after a weekend rush through four states. The president traveled to 14 states in the final month of the campaign, some of them twice, in a bid to rekindle the enthusiasm of young voters, liberals, blacks and independents whose ballots propelled him to the White House. The vote will shape American politics as Obama looks toward running for re-election in 2012 and Republicans begin the process of selecting a candidate to oppose him. Changes at the top of Congress are likely. If Republicans gain the 40 seats needed to win the 435-member House, Rep. John Boehner of Ohio would replace Nancy Pelosi as speaker, making him second in line to the presidency. Even if Republicans fail to pick up the 10 seats they need to win the 100-seat Senate, Democrats may need a new majority leader. Sen. Harry Reid faces a tough challenge from Sharron Angle in Nevada. Angle is a favorite of the ultraconservative tea party movement that has jolted American politics with its call for a drastically smaller government and lower taxes. Polls have shown Republicans to be more enthusiastic than Democrats about casting ballots. In Nevada, final tallies for two weeks of in-person voting and a preliminary count of mail-in ballots for the state's two most populous counties, Clark and Washoe, showed Republicans outperforming Democrats in getting a higher percentage of their voters to the polls, even though Democrats had a 9,000-voter edge in ballots cast. Beyond the congressional votes, Republicans are expected to score big gains in 37 gubernatorial elections and in votes for state legislatures. Those races are important as states redraw congressional districts following the 10-year census. America's political environment has changed drastically since 2008, when Democrats expanded their majorities in both chambers, riding on voters' economic anxiety, their weariness with George W. Bush's presidency and Obama's popularity. Some wondered if Republicans would need decades to recover. But the anti-incumbent mood and economic worries didn't go away and, with Democrats now controlling the White House as well as Congress, public anger is directed at them. The amorphous tea party movement has been the clearest voice of that rage, energizing Republicans even as it has toppled some party veterans. Republicans have also benefited from changes in political spending regulations stemming from a Supreme Court ruling that made it easier for corporations, unions and other groups to spend money on elections. Democrats say they inherited an economy in dire condition and managed to prevent a financial breakdown and the collapse of the U.S. auto industry. But they find it hard winning elections by arguing that things could have been worse. Obama's signature achievement -- a massive health care overhaul -- has not helped his party. Liberals criticize it as too meek and conservatives as too expensive and intrusive. Democrats have also been hurt by Obama's declining popularity. While he was once lauded as dynamic and inspirational, he is now criticized as overly academic and aloof. Republican candidates look to tie their rivals to Obama while some Democrats tried to distance themselves from him. "This election is entirely about him and this big majority in Congress and what they've been doing for the last two years," Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell said in an interview with The Associated Press. Among the Senate seats that Democrats could lose is the one in Illinois formerly held by Obama. A win there by Republican Mark Kirk over Democrat Alexi Giannoulias would have huge symbolic importance to Republicans and greatly improve their prospects for capturing the Senate. Besides winning Illinois and Reid's seat in Nevada, Republicans probably need to capture seats now held by Democrats in Pennsylvania, Washington state and Colorado to have a shot at controlling the Senate. Less likely, but still possible, is a Republican win in California, where veteran liberal Sen. Barbara Boxer faces former Hewlett-Packard chief executive Carly Fiorina. The Democrats' best chance of capturing a Republican Senate seat may be in Alaska, where the Republican vote could be split. Joe Miller, a tea party favorite supported by former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin, won the party nomination from the incumbent, Lisa Murkowski. But Murkowski has stayed in the race as a write-in candidate, creating an opening for Democrat Scott McAdams if the Republican vote is split. It is one of several races in which the tea party's success in displacing traditional Republicans could work to Democrats' advantage. In Nevada, Reid might have been further down in the polls if he faced a challenger other than Angle, whom Democrats cast as too extreme. In one of the most widely watched races, Democrats are likely to hold onto Vice President Joe Biden's old Senate seat in Delaware, because Republicans nominated tea party-backed Christine O'Donnell instead of a more moderate candidate. O'Donnell's quirky comments in old TV interviews -- including an admission that she once dabbled in witchcraft -- made her the target of late-night comedians. Her attempts to defend herself haven't helped. In one TV ad, she declared, "I'm not a witch." Democrats had their own outrageous candidates. In the coal-mining state of West Virginia, Senate hopeful Gov. Joe Manchin took up a rifle in a TV ad to show voters his opposition to his own party's climate change legislation. Manchin was seen loading a hunting rifle and firing a shot into a target labeled "Cap and Trade Bill." Still, for all the attention given to outlandish candidates and the country's anti-establishment mood, most incumbents are likely to be reelected. And some of the new lawmakers will be very much part of the mainstream. Among the Republican Senate candidates favored to win are Rob Portman, a top trade official in the George W. Bush administration who is running in Ohio, and Dan Coats, a former senator and ambassador to Germany, in Indiana.

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Two call centers with previous experience working for Verizon are both looking to staff up??adding thousands of customer service representatives for a, "major wireless cell phone service retailer" that many postulate could be Verizon itself. If that's the case, is this yet one more sign in the unfolding rumor-mongering that is Verizon's potential iPhone launch? Apple Insider's Josh Ong air max LTD says that, "the connection between a flurry of call center recruiting and a Verizon iPhone is tenuous at best." However, both Teleperformance and Ryla both have experience working for Verizon, Apple, or both. The former's pulled double-duty for both companies, whereas Ryla has air max worked with Verizon for more than ten years. Ryla's currently hiring for approximately 1,700 new positions across Indiana, Colorado, Virginia, and California. For the 500 or so people the company's seeking in Clovis, California, "The new hires air max 2009 will be answering customer-service calls on behalf of a Ryla client identified only as a Fortune 500 cellular/telecommunications company that expects to increase its marketing and sales," reports Tim Sheehan of The Fresno Bee. Teleperformance's air yeezy listing for Pennsylvania positions indicates that employees would, "Take Inbound Customer Service Calls for a major wireless cell phone service retailer." The locations of its other open positions are a bit more varied??and equally cryptic. Positions in Utah include, "Outbound Sales Reps to sell products to existing customers jordan shoes for a leading software or wireless company," and positions listed in Idaho indicate that an employee would, "Take inbound technical support calls for laptop and mp3 player assistance." Fanning the rumor flames, Teleperformance vice president of recruiting Marcie Ballard said in an October interview with The Augusta Chronicle that the new positions needed to be lined up by November of this year. More importantly, they would be supporting an existing (and major) wireless client with which the company has secured a brand-new line of business. Unfortunately, Ballard would not say what company that specifically prada sunglasses is. According to a report from Electronista, it would take a air max 24-7 given calling center roughly three to four weeks to train employees prior to actually sticking them in a cube. If that's the case, then Teleperformance's November deadline puts the new employees in the chairs right around the January timeframe, assuming delays and time lost for the holidays??and that's the same January, "when many expect a Verizon iPhone to be ready," reports the site.

Although Tom and I have known each other for 16 months, we still haven't had what you might call a decent chat. I've tried to initiate conversation countless times, but he always seems more interested in playing games, singing songs or hiding. It's good to talk, I tell him, but he doesn't reply. I'm beginning to get frustrated.

It's not necessarily Tom's fault. I'm pretty confident he does want to talk to me; he just doesn't know how. He doesn't speak my language. Unfortunately he doesn't speak any other languages either. If he did, I'm sure we'd have found some way to communicate by now, even it was one of those clicking languages from southern Africa. If he was a parrot from southern Africa we'd have made more progress. If he was a dolphin he could do the clicks. But Tom's problem is more fundamental than simply being a different species.

The thing is, he's a baby. He was born in May last year and he isn't yet physically capable of speech. His modest brain isn't quite up to speed and even if it was, he has very little control of his tiny tongue. Although occasionally cute, baby humans are virtually useless. He can't even walk, let alone forage for food or sleep beyond 6am.

But Tom can now do some things. He can slither down from a sofa, pick up peas and point wildly at anything that catches his bright blue eyes. And while not particularly useful as a single manoeuvre, that level of co-ordination means he's more than ready to communicate, if only I knew how to encourage him. It's really me who is being slow.

We don't know what words man said first. Some experts have speculated that primitive language was developed from random sounds; early homo, they say, might have based his first words either on the noises he heard, like the splash of falling water or the thud of a rock smashing into a skull; or on his own instinctive cries, like a gulp of surprise at the sight of falling water or a yelp of effort caused by smashing a rock into a skull.

But some believe that language was developed from signs rather than noises. Gestural theory suggests that man first communicated with hand and body movements and developed language from there, probably around the time they needed their hands free for tools (for smashing rocks into skulls more effectively).

The origin of language theories can never amount to much more than educated conjecture. But anyone who owns a child can observe firsthand how their speech slowly emerges. Tom, for instance, has yet to say his first proper word. He did go through a phase of saying "bra" every time he looked at a woman, but that was surely just a coincidence.

As well as "bra", Tom has been able to say "dada" and "mama" for almost a year now, but I'm not counting these as proper words. Babies throughout the world tend to start with such sounds, and this in turn is why so many languages' words for mother, father and baby have similar shapes; father can be expressed as "daddy" in English, baba in Albanian, ubaba in Zula, pˉapˉa in Maori and atta in Latin. We've chosen these terms to mirror the repetitious consonants that babies seem to like so much.

As with all their basic skills, babies start talking at different ages. Einstein famously didn't say a word until he was three years old, Picasso said piz piz (a shortening of the Spanish for pencil) at 18 months, and one of the babies in our NCT class said "foible" before she was one. It's probably best not to worry too much about when they say what. They'll all get there in the end. But when I Google "my baby can't talk yet" I can't help but grow a little concerned. A typical 18-month-old, says the website of the Child Development Institute, "has vocabulary of approximately five to 20 words". Perhaps we will count bra, mama and dada after all. Just two more in two months and he'll be normal.

As far as I can tell, Tom hasn't deliberately mastered a sign for any particular object yet, but he does point incessantly, wave goodbye and clap when excited. So perhaps his gestures are advancing faster than his speech. Perhaps, with a helping hand, this could be our shortcut to satisfying communication.

We'd like Tom to talk to us as soon as possible so that we can find out what's on his mind, rather than whether his mind is average or not. I'm desperate to know what he's got to say for himself. And, more than his opinions on culture and politics, I mainly want to know how he's feeling, if only so that my wife and I no longer have to guess. One whingey afternoon we thought he might be hungry, tired, teething or just a generally grumpy human being before finally realising he was hot. If only we'd all known there was a simple gesture for it.

Baby signing was invented with just such a situation in mind. The basic premise – that babies can communicate before they can talk – was investigated thoroughly by the scientist Joseph Garcia, among others, in the late 1980s. While working at Alaska Pacific University, Garcia suggested that even at six months, hearing babies of hearing parents can begin learning basic sign language for ideas such as eat, drink, milk, more, no and hot. According to his theory, a hot baby with a basic grasp of signing would simply move his open hand across his forehead to make his parents instantly remove his unnecessary jumper.

It wasn't until a few years ago, however, that baby signing really took off in the UK. It seems odd that, despite having the means to sign since the birth of language, we've only recently decided to share this information with our babies. Deaf communities have always known that infants can sign before they can talk, but hearing parents hadn't thought to follow suit.

Today, though, there are countless baby sign groups offering hundreds of classes in the UK alone. My wife took Tom to one such class when he was just a few months old, having heard about it from another mum, Sam, who'd read about it on the National Child Trust's (NCT) website. Her son, another Tom, was born six months before ours and had just about mastered the signs for milk and food, which is all you really need to survive at his age. More importantly, Sam told the group that she and Tom both loved the class itself, and that really got everyone's attention. When mums discover a new fun, cheap and healthy thing to do with their babies, the news spreads like wildfire.

The first time round, however, baby signing didn't work for us. We all needed to find our feet before our hands. In fact, despite our good intentions, no one in our NCT group had stuck with the signing. It might make things easier in the long run, but at a time when you're trying to get your head round suddenly keeping another human alive it's hard to prioritise. But after 16 non-communicative months I felt it was time to try again, so I took him along to a local baby sign class ran by TinyTalk, which claims to be "the biggest and best baby-signing organisation in the UK, Ireland and Australia".

There wasn't a lot of focus on vocabulary or grammar. Instead there were colourful mats to sit on, colourful books to look at, colourful toys to play with and a cuddly monkey to ape. Eight babies were herded by eight parents in the general direction of our teacher, Lisa Peycke, herself a mum of two, who spoke, sang and signed to us in a manner that was admirably patient without being condescending.

With a degree in linguistics from Bangor University, Lisa had left a job in HR to become a signing instructor soon after becoming a mother. It was, she says, the perfect job, especially since her own kids have taken to signing so well. Her eldest had 40 signs at his disposal at 13 months and her youngest signed her first word, milk, at just five months. Those are impressive stats.

At first glance hers was much like many of the other parent-and-baby classes we've attended, where we're encouraged to sing songs, clap hands, listen to stories and gossip. Tom seemed to enjoy himself and so we did too. At Lisa's class, for the first time in his short life, he was the oldest child in the room and seemed to revel in this role, sitting silently like a village elder for 40 minutes before eventually cracking when some biscuits were brought out.

The signing aspect of the class was underplayed and far from overwhelming. Lisa signed throughout the songs and stories, we tried to join in, and the babies watched each other. But by the end of the hour I found I had learnt at least half a dozen signs, more than enough to get me going with Tom back at home. I left impressed. I've always been suspicious of baby education, of teaching them the front crawl at six weeks or Mozart in the womb, but this was different, mainly because it was really aimed at the parents.

The idea is that I will now use the signs I've learnt every time they're relevant to Tom. Every time I put him down for a nap I'll do the sign for sleep, while also slowly and deliberately saying the word. Eventually, in theory, Tom will connect the ideas and not only recognise the sign but make it himself if he feels sleepy. And because I will have deliberately used the word "sleep" each time, he will, in time, start copying that, too.

As well as the communication aspect, those who promote baby signing report huge benefits for everyone involved, including larger expressive and receptive spoken language vocabularies, more advanced mental development, a reduction in problematic behaviour and improved parent-child relationships. To those who think signing might slow down speaking, they say the opposite occurs: encouraging sign language empowers babies to focus the topic and context of conversation and ultimately makes them more interested in words. There's even research indicating that simply pointing at things aids the process of object naming and language development, so I'm now telling anyone I meet that my son is really rather advanced.

Whether or not any of this rubs off on Tom we'll have to see. But instinctively it feels good to be trying to connect with him. Any sort of focused interaction must be a good thing. Having said that, I have to admit feeling a little embarrassed in the class itself, memories of my French oral flooding back as I, the only bloke in the room, tried to sing in tune and remember the actions to "Heads, Shoulders, Knees and Toes" (yes, I realise now the clue is in the title).

Luckily, if you can't overcome your inhibitions, there are plenty of other more private baby sign options. After our second lesson I bought myself the TinyTalk Let's Sign! DVD, one of several interactive introductions to the language currently available. There are also numerous signing demonstrations on YouTube, and if you watch CBeebies as, I like to reassure myself, all parents do at least once a day, you'll be familiar with the work of one Justin Fletcher. Justin is the very soul of CBeebies, the star of the genuinely amusing Gigglebiz (Arthur Sleep, anyone?) and, most importantly, the presenter of Something Special. In this Bafta-winning show he takes kids with disabilities and learning difficulties on gentle adventures around the country, speaking to the children on screen and at home using a system called Makaton that mixes speech, signing and graphic symbols. As children grow more competent and confident with speech, the signs and symbols are gradually phased out, in just the same way that baby signing slowly gives way to baby talking.

I'm determined to continue with baby sign language, inspired by both Lisa and Justin. Neither came from a signing background and both managed to learn well over 100 signs in a matter of days. More importantly, they make signing look easy, not ridiculous. If they can do it, if Lisa's daughter could do it at five months, then I can do it, too.

After just a couple of weeks of practice, Tom managed to sign his first word. Or at least I think he did. When I slowly asked him if he was sleepy, he certainly raised his hands to the side of the cheek as if to copy my action, and I was thrilled, even if it might just have been another coincidence. We're getting there. In the short term I'm hoping we'll help each other get to the elementary level of baby signing in a few months, because it's not just him I want to have words with. Tom's going to become an older brother at Christmas, and baby signing could just be how our family of four first gets to know each other. It'll hopefully be our helping hand, our secret language, our way of telling each other if we're a bit hot.

Alex Horne is a comedian and writer. He has just released The Horne Section, a CD of comedy, jazz and poetry

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